![]() ![]() It can be visualized best as concentric rings of protection that reduce the need for the most risky and dangerous options of control and the potential for pests to evolve and develop. This systems approach to the problem relies on more than one technique to reduce or eliminate pests. Integrated pest management (IPM) techniques are necessary to reduce the number of pests that threaten human health and property. This chapter deals with disease vectors and pests as factors related to the health of households. A CDC-sponsored survey of two major American cities documented that nearly 50% of the premises were infected with rats and mice. ![]() According to a 1997 American Housing Survey, rats and mice infested 2.7 million of 97 million housing units. They are capable of transmitting diseases to humans. The existence of cockroaches, rats, and mice mean that they can also be vectors for significant problems that affect health and well-being. Housing-related health concerns include asthma episodes triggered by exposure to dust mites, cockroaches, pets, and rodents. the infant mortality rate was five times higher than in the rest of the country, approximately equal to what it was 50 years ago.most of the tuberculosis cases came from 25% of the population of these cities and.the rate of deaths from communicable disease in these areas was the same as it was for the rest of the country 50 years ago (i.e., around 1900).For example, in 1949, the Surgeon General released a report comparing several health status indicators among six cities having slums. However, even 50 years ago, public health officials understood that housing conditions were linked to a broader pattern of community health. Conditions such as childhood lead poisoning and respiratory illnesses caused by exposure to radon, asbestos, tobacco smoke, and other pollutants are increasingly well understood and documented. The most immediate and obvious link between housing and health involves exposure to biologic, chemical, and physical agents that can affect the health and safety of the occupants of the home. Therefore, it is a matter of conjecture whether many people live in poor housing because they are sick or are sick because they live in poor housing.” ![]() In other words, the people most at risk for illness often live in inferior housing. The poor include the aged, deprived, ethnic minority groups, the infirmed, and families headed by unemployed women. “Sometimes poor housing is a shorthand way of describing living conditions of poor people. Kangaroo Rats don't sweat or pant like other animals to keep cool because that would cause them to lose water from their bodies.Ĭompare with the Spinifex Hopping Mouse of the Australian Desert.Download Adobe Acrobat version of the manual Cdc-pdf Their pouches are on the outside of their cheeks and are used for carrying seeds back to their burrows. Kangaroo rats have pouches, but not for carrying their babies. Their body length can be 3.5 to 5.5 inches (8 -14 cm) and their tail can be 5.5 to 6.5 inches long (14-16 cm). The life span of a wild kangaroo rat is not very long, only 2-5 years.ĭepending on the subspecies, kangaroo rats can weigh up to 4.5 ounces (128 g). It spends most of its day underground sleeping, and comes out to feed at night when it is cooler. Often times the burrow is at the base of a shrub or bush. Kangaroo rats generally live in underground burrows which they have excavated themselves. Owls, snakes, bobcats, foxes, badgers, coyotes, ringtail, and your cat or dog are just a few. There are many creatures out there who would like to make a tasty meal out of this small creature. Unfortunately for the kangaroo rat, it has many predators. On occasion, some kangaroo rats will eat green vegetation and some insects. Kangaroo rats eat seeds from a variety of desert grasses as well as mesquite beans. Its status in the wild is good right now. Kangaroo rats are found in the drier regions of the western and southwestern U.S. These can include open desert scrub, open grasslands, washes, sandy soils or creosote flats. Kangaroo rats inhabit a variety of desert niches. Their large back legs enable them to jump up to 9 feet (2.75m) in one jump in order to escape predators. They have excellent hearing and can even detect the silent sound of an owl approaching. They can survive without ever drinking any water, getting needed moisture from their seed diet. The kangaroo rat is almost perfectly adapted to life in the desert. They are a sandy brown color with a white underbelly. They have large heads with big eyes and small ears. Kangaroo rats have long tails and big hind feet with four toes.
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